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Membership in the World Peace Council:
National affiliates
Affiliates of the International Federation for Peace and Conciliation
Countries with both national affiliates and the IFPC
The World Peace Council (WPC) is an international organization with the self described goals of advocating for universal disarmament, sovereignty and independence and peaceful co-existence, and campaigns against imperialism, weapons of mass destruction and all forms of discrimination. Founded from an initiative of the Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers' Parties,
WPC emerged from the bureau’s worldview that divided humanity into
Soviet-led "peace-loving" progressive forces and US-led "warmongering"
capitalist countries. Throughout the Cold War, WPC operated as a front
organization as it was controlled and largely funded by the Soviet
Union, and refrained from criticizing or even defended the Soviet
Union's involvement in numerous conflicts. These factors led to the
decline of its influence over the peace movement in non-Communist
countries. Its first president was the French physicist and activist Frédéric Joliot-Curie. It was based in Helsinki, Finland from 1968 to 1999, and since in Athens, Greece.
History
Origins
A WPC Congress in
East Berlin on 1 July 1952 showing Picasso's dove above the stage, banner reading "Germany must be a land of Peace"
In August 1948 through the initiative of the Communist Information Bureau (Cominform) a "World Congress of Intellectuals for Peace" was held in Wroclaw, Poland.
This gathering established a permanent organisation called the
International Liaison Committee of Intellectuals for Peace—a group which
joined with another international Communist organisation, the Women's International Democratic Federation to convene a second international conclave in Paris in April 1949, a meeting designated the World Congress of Partisans for Peace (Congrès Mondial des Partisans de la Paix). Some 2,000 delegates from 75 countries were in attendance at this foundation gathering in the French capital.
A new permanent organization emerged from the April 1949 conclave, the World Committee of Partisans for Peace. At a Second World Congress held in Warsaw in November 1950, this group adopted the new name World Peace Council (WPC).
The origins of the WPC lay in the Cominform's doctrine that the world
was divided between "peace-loving" progressive forces led by the Soviet
Union and "warmongering" capitalist countries led by the United States,
declaring that peace "should now become the pivot of the entire activity
of the Communist Parties", and most western Communist parties followed
this policy.
In 1950, Cominform adopted the report of Mikhail Suslov,
a senior Soviet official, praising the Partisans for Peace and
resolving that, "The Communist and Workers' Parties must utilize all
means of struggle to secure a stable and lasting peace, subordinating
their entire activity to this" and that "Particular attention should be
devoted to drawing into the peace movement trade unions, women's, youth,
cooperative, sport, cultural, education, religious and other
organizations, and also scientists, writers, journalists, cultural
workers, parliamentary and other political and public leaders who act in
defense of peace and against war."
Lawrence Wittner,
a historian of the post-war peace movement, argues that the Soviet
Union devoted great efforts to the promotion of the WPC in the early
post-war years because it feared an American attack and American
superiority of arms at a time when the US possessed the atom bomb but the Soviet Union had not yet developed it.
This was in opposition to the theory that America had no plans to
attack anyone, and the purpose of the WPC was to disarm the US and the
NATO alliance for a future Soviet attack.
Wroclaw 1948 and New York 1949
Session of the World Congress of Intellectuals for Peace in Wrocław in 1948
The World Congress of Intellectuals for Peace met in Wroclaw on 6 August 1948. Julian Huxley, the chair of UNESCO,
chaired the meeting in the hope of bridging Cold War divisions, but
later wrote that "there was no discussion in the ordinary sense of the
word." Speakers delivered lengthy condemnation of the West and praises
of the Soviet Union. Albert Einstein
had been invited to send an address, but when the organisers found that
it advocated world government and that his representative refused to
change it, they substituted another document by Einstein without his
consent, leaving Einstein feeling that he had been badly used.
The Congress elected a permanent International Committee of
Intellectuals in Defence of Peace (also known as the International
Committee of Intellectuals for Peace and the International Liaison
Committee of Intellectuals for Peace) with headquarters in Paris. It called for the establishment of national branches and national meetings along the same lines as the World Congress. In accordance with this policy, a Cultural and Scientific Conference for World Peace was held in New York City in March 1949 at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel, sponsored by the National Council of Arts, Sciences and Professions.
Paris and Prague 1949
The
World Congress of Partisans for Peace in Paris (20 April 1949) repeated
the Cominform line that the world was divided between "a non-aggressive
Soviet group and a war-minded imperialistic group, headed by the United
States government". It established a World Committee of Partisans for Peace, led by a twelve-person Executive Bureau and chaired by Professor Frédéric Joliot-Curie, a Nobel Prize-winning physicist, High Commissioner for Atomic Energy and member of the French Institute. Most of the Executive were Communists. One delegate to the Congress, the Swedish artist Bo Beskow [sv],
heard no spontaneous contributions or free discussions, only prepared
speeches, and described the atmosphere there as "agitated", "aggressive"
and "warlike". A speech given at Paris by Paul Robeson—the polyglot lawyer, folksinger, and actor son of a runaway slave—was widely quoted in the American press for stating that African Americans should not and would not fight for the United States in any prospective war against the Soviet Union; following his return, he was subsequently blacklisted and his passport confiscated for years.
The Congress was disrupted by the French authorities who refused visas
to so many delegates that a simultaneous Congress was held in Prague." Robeson's performance of "The March of the Volunteers" in Prague for the delegation from the incipient People's Republic of China was its earliest formal use as the country's national anthem. Picasso's lithograph, La Colombe (The Dove) was chosen as the emblem for the Congress and was subsequently adopted as the symbol of the WPC.
Sheffield and Warsaw 1950
In
1950, the World Congress of the Supporters of Peace adopted a permanent
constitution for the World Peace Council, which replaced the Committee
of Partisans for Peace.
The opening congress of the WPC condemned the atom-bomb and the
American invasion of Korea. It followed the Cominform line, recommending
the creation of national peace committees in every country, and
rejected pacifism and the non-aligned peace movement. It was originally scheduled for Sheffield but the British authorities, who wished to undermine the WPC, refused visas to many delegates and the Congress was forced to move to Warsaw. British Prime Minister Clement Attlee
denounced the Congress as a "bogus forum of peace with the real aim of
sabotaging national defence" and said there would be a "reasonable
limit" on foreign delegates. Among those excluded by the government were
Frédéric Joliot-Curie, Ilya Ehrenburg, Alexander Fadeyev, and Dmitri Shostakovich. The number of delegates at Sheffield was reduced from an anticipated 2,000 to 500, half of whom were British.
1950s
The WPC was directed by the International Department of the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party through the Soviet Peace Committee,
although it tended not to present itself as an organ of Soviet foreign
policy, but rather as the expression of the aspirations of the "peace
loving peoples of the world".
In its early days the WPC attracted numerous "political and intellectual superstars", including W. E. B. Du Bois, Paul Robeson, Howard Fast, Pablo Picasso, Louis Aragon, Jorge Amado, Pablo Neruda, György Lukacs, Renato Guttuso, Jean-Paul Sartre, Diego Rivera, Muhammad al-Ashmar and Frédéric Joliot-Curie. Most were Communists or fellow travellers.
In the 1950s, congresses were held in Vienna, Berlin, Helsinki and Stockholm. The January 1952 World Congress of People in Vienna represented Joseph Stalin's strategy of peaceful coexistence, resulting in a more broad-based conference. Among those attending were Jean-Paul Sartre and Hervé Bazin.
In 1955, another WPC meeting in Vienna launched an "Appeal
against the Preparations for Nuclear War", with grandiose claims about
its success.
The WPC led the international peace movement in the decade after
the Second World War, but its failure to speak out against the Soviet
suppression of the 1956 Hungarian uprising and the resumption of Soviet nuclear tests in 1961 marginalised it, and in the 1960s it was eclipsed by the newer, non-aligned peace organizations like the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. At first, Communists denounced the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament for "splitting the peace movement" but they were compelled to join it when they saw how popular it was.
1960s
Throughout much of the 1960s and early 1970s, the WPC campaigned against the US's role in the Vietnam War. Opposition
to the Vietnam War was widespread in the mid-1960s and most of the
anti-war activity had nothing to do with the WPC, which decided, under
the leadership of J. D. Bernal,
to take a softer line with non-aligned peace groups in order to secure
their co-operation. In particular, Bernal believed that the WPC's
influence with these groups was jeopardized by China's insistence that
the WPC give unequivocal support to North Vietnam in the war.
In 1968, the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
occasioned unprecedented dissent from Soviet policy within the WPC. It
brought about such a crisis in the Secretariat that in September that
year only one delegate supported the invasion.
However, the Soviet Union soon reasserted control, and according to the
US State Department, "The WPC's eighth world assembly in East Berlin in
June 1969 was widely criticized by various participants for its lack of
spontaneity and carefully orchestrated Soviet supervision. As the
British General Secretary of the International Confederation for
Disarmament and Peace and a delegate to the 1969 assembly wrote (Tribune,
4 July 1969): 'There were a number [of delegates] who decided to vote
against the general resolution for three reasons (a) it was
platitudinous (b) it was one sided and (c) in protest against
restrictions on minorities and the press within the assembly. This
proved impossible in the end for no vote was taken.'"
Activities
Until the late 1980s, the World Peace Council's principal activity
was the organization of large international congresses, nearly all of
which had over 2,000 delegates representing most of the countries of the
world. Most of the delegates came from pro-Communist organizations,
with some observers from non-aligned bodies. There were also meetings of
the WPC Assembly, its highest governing body. The congresses and
assemblies issued statements, appeals and resolutions that called for
world peace in general terms and condemned US weapons policy, invasions
and military actions. The US Department of State described the
congresses as follows: "The majority of participants in the assemblies
are Soviet and East European communist party members, representatives of
foreign communist parties, and representatives of other Soviet-backed
international fronts. Token noncommunist participation serves to lend an
element of credibility. Discussion usually is confined to the
inequities of Western socioeconomic systems and attacks on the military
and foreign policies of the United States and other imperialist, fascist
nations. Resolutions advocating policies favored by the U.S.S.R. and
other communist nations are passed by acclamation, not by vote. In most
cases, delegates do not see the texts until they are published in the
communist media. Attempts by noncommunist delegates to discuss Soviet
actions (such as the invasion of Afghanistan)
are dismissed as interference in internal affairs or anti-Soviet
propaganda. Dissent among delegates often is suppressed and never
acknowledged in final resolutions or communiques. All assemblies praise
the U.S.S.R. and other progressive societies and endorse Soviet foreign
policy positions."
The WPC was involved in demonstrations and protests especially in areas bordering US military installations in Western Europe believed to house nuclear weapons. It campaigned against US-led military operations, especially the Vietnam War, although it did not condemn similar Soviet actions in Hungary and in Afghanistan.
On 18 March 1950, the WPC launched its Stockholm Appeal at a meeting of the Permanent Committee of the World Peace Congress,
calling for the absolute prohibition of nuclear weapons. The campaign
won popular support, collecting, it is said, 560 million signatures in
Europe, most from socialist countries, including 10 million in France
(including that of the young Jacques Chirac), and 155 million signatures in the Soviet Union – the entire adult population. Several non-aligned peace groups who had distanced themselves from the WPC advised their supporters not to sign the Appeal.
In June 1975 the WPC launched a second Stockholm Appeal during a period of détente
between East and West. It declared that, "The victories of peace and
détente have created a new international climate, new hopes, new
confidence, new optimism among the peoples."
In the 1980s it campaigned against the deployment of U.S. missiles in Europe.
It published two magazines, New Perspectives and Peace Courier. Its current magazine is Peace Messenger.
Associated groups
In
accordance with the Comniform's 1950 resolution to draw into the peace
movement trade unions, women's and youth organisations, scientists,
writers and journalists, etc., several Communist mass organisations supported the WPC, for example:
Relations with non-aligned peace groups
The
WPC has been described as caught in contradictions as "it sought to
become a broad world movement while being instrumentalized increasingly
to serve foreign policy in the Soviet Union and nominally socialist
countries."
From the 1950s until the late 1980s it tried to use non-aligned peace
organizations to spread the Soviet point of view, alternately wooing and
attacking them, either for their pacifism or their refusal to support
the Soviet Union. Until the early 1960s there was limited co-operation
between such groups and the WPC, but they gradually dissociated
themselves as they discovered it was impossible to criticize the Soviet
Union at WPC conferences.
From the late 1940s to the late 1950s the WPC, with its large
budget and high-profile conferences, dominated the peace movement, to
the extent that the movement became identified with the Communist cause.
The formation of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament in Britain in
1957 sparked a rapid growth in the unaligned peace movement and its
detachment from the WPC. However, the public and some Western leaders
still tended to regard all peace activists as Communists. For example,
US President Ronald Reagan
said that the big peace demonstrations in Europe in 1981 were "all
sponsored by a thing called the World Peace Council, which is bought and
paid for by the Soviet Union", and Soviet defector Vladimir Bukovsky claimed that they were co-ordinated at the WPC's 1980 World Parliament of Peoples for Peace in Sofia. The FBI reported to the United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence that the WPC-affiliated U.S. Peace Council
was one of the organizers of a large 1982 peace protest in New York
City, but said that the KGB had not manipulated the American movement
"significantly." International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War was said to have had "overlapping membership and similar policies" to the WPC. and the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs and the Dartmouth Conferences were said to have been used by Soviet delegates to promote Soviet propaganda. Joseph Rotblat,
one of the leaders of the Pugwash movement, said that although a few
participants in Pugwash conferences from the Soviet Union "were
obviously sent to push the party line ... the majority were genuine
scientists and behaved as such".
As the non-aligned peace movement "was constantly under threat of
being tarnished by association with avowedly pro-Soviet groups", many
individuals and organizations "studiously avoided contact with
Communists and fellow-travellers." Some western delegates walked out of the Wroclaw conference of 1948, and in 1949 the World Pacifist Meeting warned against active collaboration with Communists. In the same year, several members of the British Peace Pledge Union, including Vera Brittain, Michael Tippett, and Sybil Morrison,
criticised the WPC-affiliated British Peace Committee for what they saw
as its "unquestioning hero-worship" of the Soviet Union. In 1950, several Swedish peace organizations warned their supporters against signing the WPC's Stockholm Appeal. In 1953, the International Liaison Committee of Organizations for Peace stated that it had "no association with the World Peace Council". In 1956, a year in which the WPC condemned the Suez war but not the Russian suppression of the 1956 Hungarian uprising, the German section of War Resisters International
condemned it for its failure to respond to Soviet H-bomb tests. In
Sweden, Aktionsgruppen Mot Svensk Atombomb discouraged its members from
participating in Communist-led peace committees. The WPC attempted to
co-opt the eminent peace campaigner Bertrand Russell, much to his annoyance, and in 1957 he refused the award of the WPC's International Peace Prize. In Britain, CND advised local groups in 1958 not to participate in a forthcoming WPC conference. In the US, SANE
rejected WPC appeals for co-operation. A final break occurred during
the WPC's 1962 World Congress for Peace and Disarmament in Moscow. The
WPC had invited non-aligned peace groups, who were permitted to
criticize Soviet nuclear testing, but when western activists including
the British Committee of 100 tried to demonstrate in Red Square against Soviet weapons and the Communist system, their banners were confiscated and they were threatened with deportation. As a result of this confrontation, 40 non-aligned organizations decided to form a new international body, the International Confederation for Disarmament and Peace, which was not to have Soviet members.
From about 1982, following the proclamation of martial law in Poland,
the Soviet Union adopted a harder line with non-aligned groups,
apparently because their failure to prevent the deployment of Cruise and
Pershing missiles. In December 1982, the Soviet Peace Committee President, Yuri Zhukov,
returning to the rhetoric of the mid-1950s, wrote to several hundred
non-communist peace groups in Western Europe accusing the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation of "fueling the cold war by claiming that both NATO and the Warsaw Pact
bear equal responsibility for the arms race and international tension.
Zhukov denounced the West Berlin Working Group for a Nuclear-Free
Europe, organizers of a May 1983 European disarmament conference in
Berlin, for allegedly siding with NATO, attempting to split the peace
movement, and distracting the peaceloving public from the main source of
the deadly threat posed against the peoples of Europe-the plans for
stationing a new generation of nuclear missiles in Europe in 1983." In 1983, the British peace campaigner E. P. Thompson, a leader of European Nuclear Disarmament,
attended the World Peace Council's World Assembly for Peace and Life
Against Nuclear War in Prague at the suggestion of the Czech dissident
group Charter 77
and raised the issue of democracy and civil liberties in the Communist
states, only for Assembly to respond by loudly applauding a delegate who
said that "the so-called dissident issue was not a matter for the
international peace movement, but something that had been injected into
it artificially by anti-communists." The Hungarian student peace group, Dialogue, also tried to attend the 1983 Assembly but were met with tear gas, arrests, and deportation to Hungary; the following year the authorities banned it.
Rainer Santi, in his history of the International Peace Bureau,
said that the WPC "always had difficulty in securing cooperation from
West European and North American peace organisations because of its
obvious affiliation with Socialist countries and the foreign policy of
the Soviet Union. Especially difficult to digest, was that instead of
criticising the Soviet Union's unilaterally resumed atmospheric nuclear testing in 1961,
the WPC issued a statement rationalizing it. In 1979 the World Peace
Council explained the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan as an act of
solidarity in the face of Chinese and US aggression against
Afghanistan."
Rob Prince, a former secretary of the WPC, suggested that it simply
failed to connect with the western peace movement because it used most
of its funds on international travel and lavish conferences. It had poor
intelligence on Western peace groups, and, even though its HQ was in
Helsinki, had no contact with Finnish peace organizations.
After the demise of the Soviet Union
By the mid-1980s the Soviet Peace Committee "concluded that the WPC was a politically expendable and spent force," although it continued to provide funds until 1991.
As the Soviet Peace Committee was the conduit for Soviet direction of
the WPC, this judgement represented a downgrading of the WPC by the
Soviet Communist Party. Under Mikhail Gorbachev,
the Soviet Peace Committee developed bilateral international contacts
"in which the WPC not only played no role, but was a liability." Gorbachev never even met WPC President Romesh Chandra and excluded him from many Moscow international forums. Following the 1991 breakup of the Soviet Union, the WPC lost most of its support, income and staff and dwindled to a small core group. Its international conferences now attract only a tenth of the delegates that its Soviet-backed conferences could attract (see below), although it still issues statements couched in similar terms to those of its historic appeals.
Location
The WPC first set up its offices in Paris, but was accused by the French government of engaging in "fifth column" activities and was expelled in 1952. It moved to Prague and then to Vienna. In 1957 it was banned by the Austrian government. It was invited to Prague but did not move there, had no official HQ but continued to operate in Vienna under cover of the International Institute for Peace. In 1968 it re-assumed its name and moved to Helsinki, Finland, where it remained until 1999. In 2000 it re-located to Athens, Greece.
Funding
According to the WPC, 90 percent of its funding came from the Soviet Union, which was said to have given it $49 million.
Its current income is believed to derive mainly from the interest on a
$10m payment made by the Soviet Peace Committee in around 1991, although
its finances remain shrouded in mystery.
Allegations of CIA measures against the WPC
The Congress for Cultural Freedom was founded in 1950 with the support of the CIA to counter the propaganda of the emerging WPC, and Phillip Agee
claimed that the WPC was a Soviet front for propaganda which CIA
covertly tried to neutralize and to prevent the WPC from organizing
outside the Communist bloc.
Current organisation
The
WPC currently states its goals as: Actions against imperialist wars and
occupation of sovereign countries and nations;
prohibition of all weapons of mass destruction; abolition of foreign
military bases; universal disarmament under effective international
control; elimination of all forms of colonialism, neo-colonialism, racism, sexism and other forms of discrimination; respect for the right of peoples to sovereignty and independence,
essential for the establishment of peace; non-interference in the
internal affairs of nations; peaceful co-existence between states with
different political systems; negotiations instead of use of force in the
settlement of differences between nations.
The WPC is a registered NGO at the United Nations and co-operates primarily with the Non-Aligned Movement. It cooperates with United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), International Labour Organization
(ILO), and other UN specialized agencies, special committees and
departments. It is said to have successfully influenced their agendas,
the terms of discussion and the orientations of their resolutions. It also cooperates with the African Union, the League of Arab States, and other inter-governmental bodies.
Leadership
- President: Socorro Gomes, Brazilian Center for Solidarity with the People and the Struggle for Peace (CEBRAPAZ)
- General Secretary: Thanasis Pafilis, Greek Committee for International Détente and Peace (EEDYE)
- Executive Secretary: Iraklis Tsavdaridis, Greek Committee for International Détente and Peace (EEDYE)
Secretariat
The members of the Secretariat of the WPC are:
Peace prizes
The WPC awards several peace prizes, some of which, it has been said, were awarded to politicians who funded the organization.
Congresses and assemblies
The highest WPC body, the Assembly, meets every three years.
| Year |
Event |
Location
|
Country |
No. of delegates |
Countries represented |
Comments
|
| 1948 |
World Congress of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace |
Wrocław
|
Poland |
600 |
46
|
|
| 1949 |
World Congress of Advocates of Peace |
Paris
|
France |
2,200 |
72 |
Established the World Committee of Partisans for Peace, chaired by Frédéric Joliot-Curie.
|
| Prague
|
Czechoslovakia
|
| 1950 |
World Congress of the Supporters of Peace |
Sheffield
|
United Kingdom |
|
|
Moved from Sheffield to Warsaw as a result of the British government refusing visas to delegates.
|
| Warsaw
|
Poland
|
|
|
| 1951 |
|
Stockholm
|
Sweden |
|
|
|
| 1952 |
Congress of the People for Peace |
Vienna
|
Austria |
|
|
Presiding committee included Jean-Paul Sartre, Paul Robeson, Pablo Neruda, Diego Rivera, and Louis Aragon. Also attended by Madame Sun Yat Sen, Ilya Ehrenburg and Hewlett Johnson.
|
| 1952 |
|
East Berlin
|
East Germany |
|
|
|
| 1953 |
|
Budapest
|
Hungary |
|
|
15-20 June
|
| 1954 |
|
East Berlin
|
East Germany |
|
|
23–28 May
|
| 1955 |
|
Helsinki
|
Finland |
|
|
June
|
| 1958 |
World Congress on Disarmament and International Cooperation |
Stockholm
|
Sweden |
|
|
Bertrand Russell
withdrew his sponsorship of the congress and denounced the WPC for its
refusal to condemn the Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956 and the
kidnapping and murder of Hungarian prime minister, Imre Nagy.
|
| 1962 |
World Conference for General Disarmament and Peace |
Moscow
|
Soviet Union |
|
|
Addressed by Nikita Khrushchev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Attended by delegates from non-aligned groups. Sponsors include Bertrand Russell and Canon John Collins of CND. As a result of confrontation between western and Soviet delegates, 40 non-aligned organizations form the International Confederation for Disarmament and Peace, without Soviet membership.
|
| 1965 |
World Congress for Peace, National Independence and General disarmament |
Helsinki
|
Finland |
1,470 |
98 |
Called for withdrawal of all U.S. armed forces from Vietnam.
|
| 1971 |
Assembly |
Budapest
|
Hungary |
|
|
| 1973 |
World Congress of Peace Forces |
Moscow
|
Soviet Union |
3,200 |
|
Chaired by Romesh Chandra, general secretary of the WPC. The main speaker was Leonid Brezhnev
|
| 1977 |
|
Warsaw
|
Poland
|
|
|
|
| 1980 |
World Parliament of Peoples for Peace |
Sofia
|
Bulgaria |
2,230 |
134 |
Launched campaigns against stationing of new US nuclear weapons in Western Europe, against Camp David Accords
between Egypt and Israel, and campaigns of solidarity with Vietnam,
Syria, Cuba, the PLO and the Soviet-backed regime in Afghanistan.
|
| 1983 |
World Assembly for Peace and Life Against Nuclear War |
Prague
|
Czechoslovakia |
2,635 |
132 |
Noted that "An especially acute danger is represented by plans to deploy first-strike nuclear missiles in Western Europe." Members of Charter 77 not permitted to attend.
Members of the unofficial Hungarian student peace movement Dialógus
(Dialogue) who attempted to attend "were met with tear gas, arrests, and
later deportation back to Hungary."
|
| 1986 |
World Congress for the International Year of Peace |
Copenhagen
|
Denmark |
2,648 |
|
15-19 October
The International Year of Peace was declared by the United Nations. This was said to be the first WPC-sponsored congress to be held in a NATO country. The Coalition for Peace through Security demonstrated against the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, giving rise to worldwide media coverage.
|
| 1990 |
|
Athens
|
Greece |
|
|
|
| 1996 |
|
México City
|
Mexico |
|
|
|
| 2000 |
|
Athens
|
Greece |
|
186 |
|
| 2004 |
|
Athens |
150 |
50+ |
|
| 2005 |
|
Seoul
|
South Korea |
|
|
|
| 2008 |
World Congress of the World Peace Council |
Caracas,
|
Venezuela |
120 |
76 |
|
| 2009 |
|
New York
|
United States |
400 |
194 |
|
| 2012 |
World Peace Assembly and Conference |
Kathmandu
|
Nepal |
|
|
| 2016 |
Anti-Nato Conference |
Warsaw
|
Poland |
85 |
22 |
|
Past presidents
Current members
Under
its current rules, WPC members are national and international
organizations that agree with its main principles and any of its
objectives and pay membership fees. Other organizations may join at the
discretion of the Executive Committee or become associate members.
Distinguished individuals may become honorary members at the discretion
of the Executive Committee.
As of March 2014, the WPC lists the following organizations among its "members and friends".
Current Communist States
Former Soviet Union
Former Eastern bloc
Europe
Asia
Africa
Americas
Oceania
Other
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