https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_linguistics
Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field which identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems. Some of the academic fields related to applied linguistics are education, psychology, communication research, anthropology, and sociology.
Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field which identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems. Some of the academic fields related to applied linguistics are education, psychology, communication research, anthropology, and sociology.
Domain
Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field. Major branches of applied linguistics include bilingualism and multilingualism, conversation analysis, contrastive linguistics, sign linguistics, language assessment, literacies, discourse analysis, language pedagogy, second language acquisition, language planning and policy, interlinguistics, stylistics, language teacher education, pragmatics, forensic linguistics and translation.
Journals
Major journals of the field include Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Journal of Applied Linguistics, International Review of Applied Linguistics, International Journal of Applied Linguistics, European Journal of Applied Linguistics, Issues in Applied Linguistics, Language Learning, Language and Education, TESOL Quarterly, and Linguistics and Education.
History
The
tradition of applied linguistics established itself in part as a
response to the narrowing of focus in linguistics with the advent in the
late 1950s of generative linguistics, and has always maintained a socially-accountable role, demonstrated by its central interest in language problems.
Although the field of applied linguistics started from Europe and
the United States, the field rapidly flourished in the international
context.
Applied linguistics first concerned itself with principles and
practices on the basis of linguistics. In the early days, applied
linguistics was thought as “linguistics-applied” at least from the
outside of the field. In the 1960s, however, applied linguistics was
expanded to include language assessment, language policy, and second language acquisition. As early as the 1970s, applied linguistics became a problem-driven field rather than theoretical linguistics,
including the solution of language-related problems in the real world.
By the 1990s, applied linguistics had broadened including critical
studies and multilingualism. Research in applied linguistics was shifted
to "the theoretical and empirical investigation of real world problems
in which language is a central issue."
In the United States, applied linguistics also began narrowly as
the application of insights from structural linguistics—first to the
teaching of English in schools and subsequently to second and foreign
language teaching. The linguistics applied approach to language teaching was promulgated most strenuously by Leonard Bloomfield, who developed the foundation for the Army Specialized Training Program, and by Charles C. Fries, who established the English Language Institute (ELI) at the University of Michigan in 1941. In 1946, Applied linguistics became a recognized field of studies in the aforementioned university. In 1948, the Research Club at Michigan established Language Learning: A Journal of Applied Linguistics, the first journal to bear the term applied linguistics.
In the late 1960s, applied linguistics began to establish its own
identity as an interdisciplinary field of linguistics concerned with
real-world language issues. The new identity was solidified by the
creation of the American Association for Applied Linguistics in 1977.
Associations
The International Association of Applied Linguistics
was founded in France in 1964, where it is better known as Association
Internationale de Linguistique Appliquée, or AILA. AILA has affiliates
in more than thirty countries, some of which are listed below.
Australia
Australian
applied linguistics took as its target the applied linguistics of
mother tongue teaching and teaching English to immigrants. The Australia
tradition shows a strong influence of continental Europe and of the
USA, rather than of Britain.
Applied Linguistics Association of Australia (ALAA) was established at a
national congress of applied linguists held in August 1976. ALAA holds a joint annual conference in collaboration with the Association for Applied Linguistics in New Zealand (ALANZ).
Canada
The
Canadian Association of Applied Linguistics / L’Association canadienne
de linguistique appliquée (CAAL/ACLA), is an officially bilingual
(English and French) scholarly association with approximately 200
members. They produce the Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics and hold an annual conference.
Ireland
The Irish Association for Applied Linguistics/Cumann na Teangeolaíochta Feidhmí (IRAAL) was founded in 1975. They produce the journal Teanga, the Irish word for 'language'.
Japan
In 1982,
the Japan Association of Applied Linguistics (JAAL) was established in
the Japan Association of College English Teachers (JACET) in order to
engage in activities on a more international scale. In 1984, JAAL became
an affiliate of the International Association of Applied Linguistics
(AILA).
New Zealand
The Applied Linguistics Association of New Zealand (ALANZ) produces the journal New Zealand Studies in Applied Linguistics
and has been collaborating with the Applied Linguistics Association of
Australia in a combined annual conference since 2010, with the
Association for Language Testing and Assessment of Australia and New
Zealand (ALTAANZ) later joining the now three-way conference
collaboration.
South Africa
The
Southern African Applied Linguistics Association (SAALA) was founded in
1980. There are currently four publications associated with SAALA
including the Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies Journal (SAJALS).
United Kingdom
The British Association for Applied Linguistics
(BAAL) was established in 1967. Its mission is "the advancement of
education by fostering and promoting, by any lawful charitable means,
the study of language use, language acquisition and language teaching
and the fostering of interdisciplinary collaboration in this study
[...]".
BAAL hosts an annual conference, as well as many additional smaller
conferences and events organised by its Special Interest Groups (SIGs).
United States
The American Association for Applied Linguistics (AAAL) was founded in 1977. AAAL holds an annual conference, usually in March or April, in the United States or Canada.
