Adaptive learning

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_learning 

 

Adaptive learning, also known as adaptive teaching, is an educational method which uses computer algorithms to orchestrate the interaction with the learner and deliver customized resources and learning activities to address the unique needs of each learner. In professional learning contexts, individuals may "test out" of some training to ensure they engage with novel instruction. Computers adapt the presentation of educational material according to students' learning needs, as indicated by their responses to questions, tasks and experiences. The technology encompasses aspects derived from various fields of study including computer science, AI, psychometrics, education, psychology, and brain science.

Adaptive learning has been partially driven by a realization that tailored learning cannot be achieved on a large-scale using traditional, non-adaptive approaches. Adaptive learning systems endeavor to transform the learner from passive receptor of information to collaborator in the educational process. Adaptive learning systems' primary application is in education, but another popular application is business training. They have been designed as desktop computer applications, web applications, and are now being introduced into overall curricula.

History

Adaptive learning or intelligent tutoring has its origins in the artificial-intelligence movement and began gaining popularity in the 1970s. At that time, it was commonly accepted that computers would eventually achieve the human ability of adaptivity. In adaptive learning, the basic premise is that the tool or system will be able to adjust to the student/user's learning method, which results in a better and more effective learning experience for the user. Back in the 70's the main barrier was the cost and size of the computers, rendering the widespread application impractical. Another hurdle in the adoption of early intelligent systems was that the user interfaces were not conducive to the learning process. The start of the work on adaptive and intelligent learning systems is usually traced back to the SCHOLAR system that offered adaptive learning for the topic of geography of South America. A number of other innovative systems appeared within five years. A good account of the early work on adaptive learning and intelligent tutoring systems can be found in the classic book "Intelligent Tutoring Systems".

Technology and methodology

Adaptive learning systems have traditionally been divided into separate components or 'models'. While different model groups have been presented, most systems include some or all of the following models (occasionally with different names):

• Expert model – The model with the information which is to be taught
• Student model – The model which tracks and learns about the student
• Instructional model – The model which actually conveys the information
• Instructional environment – The user interface for interacting with the system

Expert model

The expert model stores information about the material which is being taught. This can be as simple as the solutions for the question set but it can also include lessons and tutorials and, in more sophisticated systems, even expert methodologies to illustrate approaches to the questions.

Adaptive learning systems which do not include an expert model will typically incorporate these functions in the instructional model.

Student model

The simplest means of determining a student's skill level is the method employed in CAT (computerized adaptive testing). In CAT, the subject is presented with questions that are selected based on their level of difficulty in relation to the presumed skill level of the subject. As the test proceeds, the computer adjusts the subject's score based on their answers, continuously fine-tuning the score by selecting questions from a narrower range of difficulty. 

An algorithm for a CAT-style assessment is simple to implement. A large pool of questions is amassed and rated according to difficulty, through expert analysis, experimentation, or a combination of the two. The computer then performs what is essentially a binary search, always giving the subject a question which is halfway between what the computer has already determined to be the subject's maximum and minimum possible skill levels. These levels are then adjusted to the level of the difficulty of the question, reassigning the minimum if the subject answered correctly, and the maximum if the subject answered incorrectly. Obviously, a certain margin for error has to be built in to allow for scenarios where the subject's answer is not indicative of their true skill level but simply coincidental. Asking multiple questions from one level of difficulty greatly reduces the probability of a misleading answer, and allowing the range to grow beyond the assumed skill level can compensate for possible misevaluations.

A further extension of identifying weaknesses in terms of concepts is to program the student model to analyze incorrect answers. This is especially applicable for multiple choice questions. Consider the following example:

Q. Simplify: ${\displaystyle 2x^{2}+x^{3}}$

a) Can't be simplified

b) ${\displaystyle 3x^{5}}$

c) ...

d) ...

Clearly, a student who answers (b) is adding the exponents and failing to grasp the concept of like terms. In this case, the incorrect answer provides additional insight beyond the simple fact that it is incorrect.

Instructional model

The instructional model generally looks to incorporate the best educational tools that technology has to offer (such as multimedia presentations) with expert teacher advice for presentation methods. The level of sophistication of the instructional model depends greatly on the level of sophistication of the student model. In a CAT-style student model, the instructional model will simply rank lessons in correspondence with the ranks for the question pool. When the student's level has been satisfactorily determined, the instructional model provides the appropriate lesson. The more advanced student models which assess based on concepts need an instructional model which organizes its lessons by concept as well. The instructional model can be designed to analyze the collection of weaknesses and tailor a lesson plan accordingly. 

When the incorrect answers are being evaluated by the student model, some systems look to provide feedback to the actual questions in the form of 'hints'. As the student makes mistakes, useful suggestions pop up such as "look carefully at the sign of the number". This too can fall in the domain of the instructional model, with generic concept-based hints being offered based on concept weaknesses, or the hints can be question-specific in which case the student, instructional, and expert models all overlap.

Implementations

Learning management system

Many learning management systems have incorporated various adaptive learning features. A learning management system (LMS) is a software application for the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting and delivery of educational courses, training programs, or learning and development programs.

Distance learning

Adaptive learning systems can be implemented on the Internet for use in distance learning and group collaboration.

The field of distance learning is now incorporating aspects of adaptive learning. Initial systems without adaptive learning were able to provide automated feedback to students who are presented questions from a preselected question bank. That approach however lacks the guidance which teachers in the classroom can provide. Current trends in distance learning call for the use of adaptive learning to implement intelligent dynamic behavior in the learning environment.

During the time a student spends learning a new concept they are tested on their abilities and databases track their progress using one of the models. The latest generation of distance learning systems take into account the students' answers and adapt themselves to the student's cognitive abilities using a concept called 'cognitive scaffolding'. Cognitive scaffolding is the ability of an automated learning system to create a cognitive path of assessment from lowest to highest based on the demonstrated cognitive abilities.

A current successful implementation of adaptive learning in web-based distance learning is the Maple engine of WebLearn by RMIT university. WebLearn is advanced enough that it can provide assessment of questions posed to students even if those questions have no unique answer like those in the Mathematics field. 

Adaptive learning can be incorporated to facilitate group collaboration within distance learning environments like forums or resource sharing services. Some examples of how adaptive learning can help with collaboration include automated grouping of users with the same interests, and personalization of links to information sources based on the user's stated interests or the user's surfing habits.

Educational game design

In 2014, an educational researcher concluded a multi-year study of adaptive learning for educational game design. The research developed and validated the ALGAE (Adaptive Learning GAme dEsign) model, a comprehensive adaptive learning model based on game design theories and practices, instructional strategies, and adaptive models. The research extended previous researching in game design, instructional strategies, and adaptive learning, combining those three components into a single complex model.

The study resulted in the development of an adaptive educational game design model to serve as a guide for game designers, instructional designers, and educators with the goal of increasing learning outcomes. Survey participants validated the value of the ALGAE model and provided specific insights on the model's construction, use, benefits, and challenges. The current ALGAE model is based on these insights. The model now serves as a guideline for the design and development of educational computer games. 

The model's applicability is assessed as being cross-industry including government and military agencies/units, game industry, and academia. The model's actual value and the appropriate implementation approach (focused or unfocused) will be fully realized as the ALGAE model's adoption becomes more widespread.

Development tools

While adaptive learning features are often mentioned in the marketing materials of tools, the range of adaptivity can be dramatically different. 

Entry-level tools tend to focus on determining the learner's pathway based on simplistic criteria such as the learner's answer to a multiple choice question. A correct answer may take the learner to Path A, whereas an incorrect answer may take them to Path B. While these tools provide an adequate method for basic branching, they are often based on an underlying linear model whereby the learner is simply being redirected to a point somewhere along a predefined line. Due to this, their capabilities fall short of true adaptivity.

At the other end of the spectrum, there are advanced tools which enable the creation of very complex adaptions based on any number of complex conditions. These conditions may relate to what the learner is currently doing, prior decisions, behavioral tracking, interactive and external activities to name a few. These higher end tools generally have no underlying navigation as they tend to utilize AI methods such as an inference engine. Due to the fundamental design difference advanced tools are able to provide rich assessment capabilities. Rather than taking a simple multiple choice question, the learner may be presented with a complex simulation where a number of factors are considered to determine how the learner should adapt.

Popular tools

• Adobe Captivate

• Qualtrics

Patrick Macnee

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Macnee 

 

Patrick Macnee
Macnee in an episode of Columbo, May 1975
Born	Daniel Patrick Macnee 6 February 1922 Paddington, London, England
Died	25 June 2015 Rancho Mirage, California, US
Occupation	Actor
Years active	1938−2005
Spouse(s)	Barbara Douglas ​ ( m. 1942; div. 1956) Katherine Woodville ​ ( m. 1965; div. 1969) Baba Majos de Nagyzsenye ​ ( m. 1988; died 2007)
Children	2
Parent(s)	Daniel Macnee Dorothea Macnee
Website	patrickmacnee.com

Daniel Patrick Macnee (6 February 1922 – 25 June 2015) was a British-American film and television actor. He played the role of secret agent John Steed in the British television series The Avengers.

Early life and career

The elder of two sons, Macnee was born in Paddington, London, England on 6 February 1922; to Daniel Macnee (1878−1952) and Dorothea Mabel Macnee (née Henry) (1896−1984). His father, who was a grandson of the Scottish artist Sir Daniel Macnee, trained race horses in Lambourn, and was known for his dress sense; he had served as an officer in the Yorkshire Dragoons in the First World War. His maternal grandmother was Frances Alice Hastings (1870−1945), who was the daughter of Vice-Admiral George Fowler Hastings and granddaughter of Hans Francis Hastings, 12th Earl of Huntingdon. His younger brother James, known as Jimmy, was born five years later.

Macnee's parents separated after his mother began to identify as a lesbian. His father later moved to India, and his mother began to live with her wealthy partner, Evelyn Spottswood, whose money came from the Dewar's whisky business. Macnee referred to her in his autobiography as "Uncle Evelyn", and she helped pay for his schooling. He was educated at Summer Fields School and Eton College, where he was a member of the Officer Training Corps and was one of the guard of honour for King George V at St George's Chapel in 1936. He was later expelled from Eton for selling pornography and being a bookmaker for his fellow students.

Macnee studied acting at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art, but shortly before he was to perform in his first West End leading role, which would have had him acting alongside Vivien Leigh, he was called up for the United Kingdom Armed Forces. He joined the Royal Navy as an ordinary seaman in October 1942 and was commissioned a sub-lieutenant in June 1943, becoming a navigator on Motor Torpedo Boats in the English Channel and North Sea. Reassigned as first lieutenant on a second MTB, Macnee caught bronchitis just before D-Day; while he was recuperating in hospital, his boat and crew were lost in action. Two of the crew received the Distinguished Service Medal. He left the Navy in 1946 as a lieutenant.

Macnee nurtured his acting career in Canada early on, but he also appeared as an uncredited extra in the British films Pygmalion (1938), The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943) and Laurence Olivier's Hamlet (1948), as well as some live TV dramas for the BBC, before graduating to credited parts in such films as Scrooge (US: A Christmas Carol, 1951), as the young Jacob Marley, the Gene Kelly vehicle Les Girls (1957), as an Old Bailey barrister, and the war film The Battle of the River Plate (1956). Between these occasional movie roles, Macnee spent the better part of the 1950s working in dozens of small parts in American and Canadian television and theatre, including an appearance in an episode of The Twilight Zone in 1959 ("Judgment Night"). Disappointed in his limited career development, in the late 1950s Macnee was daily smoking 80 cigarettes and drinking a bottle of whisky.

Not long before his career-making role in The Avengers, Macnee took a break from acting and served as one of the London-based producers for the classic documentary series The Valiant Years, based on the Second World War memoirs of Winston Churchill.

The Avengers

While working in London on the Churchill series, Macnee was offered the part in The Avengers (1961−69), (originally intended to be known as Jonathan Steed), for which he became best known. The series was originally conceived as a vehicle for Ian Hendry, who played the lead role of Dr. David Keel in a sequel to an earlier series, Police Surgeon (1960), while John Steed was his assistant. Macnee, though, became the lead after Hendry's departure at the end of the first season. Macnee played opposite a succession of glamorous female partners; Honor Blackman, Diana Rigg, and Linda Thorson. Of the 161 completed episodes, Macnee appeared in all but two, both from the first season.

Although Macnee evolved in the role as the series progressed, the key elements of Steed's persona and appearance were there from very early on: the slightly mysterious demeanour and, increasingly, the light, suave, flirting tone with ladies (and always with his female assistants). Finally, from the episodes with Blackman onwards, the trademark bowler hat and umbrella completed the image. Though it was traditionally associated with London "city gents", the ensemble of suit, umbrella and bowler had developed in the post-war years as mufti for ex-servicemen attending Armistice Day ceremonies. Steed's sartorial style may also have been drawn from Macnee's father. Macnee, alongside designer Pierre Cardin, adapted the look into a style all his own, and he went on to design several outfits himself for Steed based on the same basic theme. Steed was also the central character of The New Avengers (1976–77), in which he was teamed with agents named Purdey (Joanna Lumley) and Mike Gambit (Gareth Hunt). 

Macnee insisted on, and was proud of, never carrying a gun in the original series; when asked why, he explained, "I'd just come out of a World War in which I'd seen most of my friends blown to bits." Lumley later said she did all the gun-slinging in The New Avengers for the same reason.

When asked in June 1982 which Avengers female lead was his favourite, Macnee declined to give a specific answer. "Well, I'd rather not say. To do so would invite trouble," he told TV Week magazine. Macnee did provide his evaluation of the female leads. Of Honor Blackman he said, "She was wonderful, presenting the concept of a strong-willed, independent and liberated woman just as that sort of woman was beginning to emerge in society." Diana Rigg was "One of the world's great actresses. A superb comedienne. I'm convinced that one day she'll be Dame Diana" (his prediction came true in 1994). Linda Thorson was "one of the sexiest women alive" while Joanna Lumley was "superb in the role of Purdey. An actress who is only now realising her immense potential."

Macnee co-wrote two original novels based upon The Avengers during the 1960s, titled Dead Duck and Deadline. He hosted a documentary, The Avengers: The Journey Back (1998), directed by Clyde Lucas.

For the critically lambasted film version of The Avengers (1998), he lent his voice in a cameo as "Invisible Jones". The character of Steed was taken over by Ralph Fiennes.

Later roles

Macnee in 1998

Macnee's other significant roles included playing Sir Godfrey Tibbett opposite Roger Moore in the James Bond film A View to a Kill (1985), as Major Crossley in The Sea Wolves (again with Moore), guest roles in Encounter, Alias Smith and Jones (for Glen Larson), Magnum, P.I., Hart to Hart, Murder, She Wrote, and The Love Boat. Although his best known part was heroic, many of his television appearances were as villains; among them were his roles of both the demonic Count Iblis and his provision of the character voice of the Cylons' Imperious Leader in Battlestar Galactica, also for Glen Larson, for which he also supplied the show's introductory voiceover. He also presented the American paranormal series Mysteries, Magic and Miracles. Macnee appeared on Broadway as the star of Anthony Shaffer's mystery Sleuth in 1972–73. He subsequently headlined the national tour of that play.

Macnee reunited with Diana Rigg in her short-lived NBC sitcom, Diana (1973) in a single episode. Other television appearances include a guest appearance on Columbo in the episode "Troubled Waters" (1975); and playing Major Vickers in For the Term of His Natural Life (1983). He had recurring roles in the crime series Gavilan with Robert Urich and in the short-lived satire on big business, Empire (1984), as Dr. Calvin Cromwell. Macnee also narrated the documentary Ian Fleming: 007's Creator (2000).

Macnee featured prominently in two editions of the long-running British television series This Is Your Life: in 1978, when he and host Eamonn Andrews, both dressed as Steed, surprised Ian Hendry, and in 1984 when he was the edition's unsuspecting subject.

He also appeared in several cult films: in The Howling (1981), as 'Dr George Waggner' (named whimsically after the director of The Wolf Man, 1941) and as Sir Denis Eton-Hogg in the rockumentary comedy This Is Spinal Tap (1984). He played Dr. Stark in The Creature Wasn't Nice (1981), also called Spaceship and Naked Space. Macnee played the role of actor David Mathews in the made-for-television movie Rehearsal for Murder (1982), which starred Robert Preston and Lynn Redgrave. The movie was from a script written by Columbo co-creators Richard Levinson and William Link. He took over Leo G. Carroll's role as the head of U.N.C.L.E. His character being Sir John Raleigh in Return of the Man from U.N.C.L.E.: The Fifteen-Years-Later Affair (1983), produced by Michael Sloan. He was featured in the science fiction television movie Super Force (1990) as E. B. Hungerford (the series which followed only featured Macnee's voice as a Max Headroom-style computer simulation of his character), as a supporting character in the parody film Lobster Man From Mars (1989) as Prof. Plocostomos and in The Return of Sam McCloud (1989), a TV film, as Tom Jamison. He made an appearance in Frasier (2001), and several episodes of the American science-fiction series Nightman as Dr. Walton, a psychiatrist who would advise Johnny/Nightman. Macnee appeared in two episodes of the series Kung Fu: The Legend Continues (1993–94) and was a retired agent in a handful of instalments of Spy Game (1997–98). 

Macnee made numerous TV commercials including one around 1990 for Swiss Chalet, the Canadian restaurant chain, and a year or so before, a commercial for the Sterling Motor Car Company. Over the James Bond theme, the car duels with a motorcycle assailant at high speed through mountainous territory, ultimately eludes the foe, and reaches its destination. Macnee steps out of the car and greets viewers with a smile, saying, "I suppose you were expecting someone else". Macnee was the narrator for several "behind-the-scenes" featurettes for the James Bond series of DVDs and recorded numerous audio books, including the releases of many novels by Jack Higgins. He also recorded the children's books The Musical Life of Gustav Mole and its sequel, The Lost Music (Gustav Mole's War on Noise), both written by Michael Twinn.

Macnee featured in two pop videos: as Steed in original Avengers footage in The Pretenders' video for their song "Don't Get Me Wrong" (1986) and in the promotion for Oasis's "Don't Look Back in Anger" (1996), as the band's driver, a role similar to that which he played in the James Bond film A View To A Kill (1985). In 1990 his recording with his Avengers co-star Honor Blackman, called "Kinky Boots" (1964), reached the UK Singles Chart after being played on Simon Mayo's BBC Radio One breakfast show.

Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson

Macnee appeared in Magnum, P.I. (1984) as a retired, but delusional, British agent, who believed he was Sherlock Holmes, in a season four episode titled Holmes Is Where the Heart Is. He played both Holmes and Dr. Watson on several occasions. He played Watson three times: once alongside Roger Moore's Sherlock Holmes in a TV film, Sherlock Holmes in New York (1976), and twice with Christopher Lee, first in Incident at Victoria Falls (1991), and then in Sherlock Holmes and the Leading Lady (1992). He played Holmes in another TV film, The Hound of London (1993), along with the 1996 TV film Sherlock Holmes: The Case of the Temporal Nexus^{[citation needed]}. He is thus one of only a very small number of actors to have portrayed both Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson on screen.

Personal life

Macnee married his first wife, Barbara Douglas (1921–2012), in 1942. They had two children, Rupert and Jenny, and a grandson, Christopher ("Kit"). After they were divorced in 1956, his second marriage (1965−1969) was to actress Katherine Woodville. His third marriage was to Baba Majos de Nagyzsenye, daughter of opera singer Ella Némethy. It lasted from 1988 until her death in 2007. Macnee became a US citizen in 1959. He dictated his autobiography, which he entitled Blind in One Ear: The Avenger Returns (1988), to Marie Cameron. Later in life, Macnee was an enthusiastic nudist.

Death

On 25 June 2015, Macnee died at Rancho Mirage, California, his home for the previous four decades, at the age of 93.

Filmography

Film

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1938	Pygmalion	Extra	Uncredited
1943	The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp	Extra	Uncredited
1948	The Fatal Night	Tony
	Hamlet	Extra	Uncredited
1949	The Small Back Room	Man at Committee Meeting	Uncredited
	All Over the Town	Mr. Vince
1950	The Girl Is Mine	Hugh Hurcombe
	Seven Days to Noon	Bit Part	Uncredited
	Dick Barton at Bay	Phillips	Credited as Patrick McNee
	The Elusive Pimpernel	Hon. John Bristow	Released in the United States as 'The Fighting Pimpernel
1951	Flesh and Blood	Sutherland	Uncredited
	Scrooge	Young Jacob Marley	Released in the United States as A Christmas Carol
1955	Three Cases of Murder	Guard Subaltern	Uncredited
1956	The Battle of the River Plate	Lieutenant Commander Ralph Medley
1957	Les Girls	Sir Percy	Also known as Cole Porter's Les Girls
	Until They Sail	Pvt. Duff	(scenes deleted)
1970	Incense for the Damned	Derek Longbow	Also released as Bloodsuckers, Freedom Seeker and Doctors Wear Scarlet
1970	Mister Jerico	Dudley Jerico
1978	Battlestar Galactica	Imperious Leader	Voice, Uncredited
1979	The Billion Dollar Threat	Horatio Black
	King Solomon's Treasure	Captain John Good R.N.	Macnee replaced Terry-Thomas.
1980	The Sea Wolves	Major 'Yogi' Crossley
1981	The Howling	Dr. George Waggner
	The Hot Touch	Vincent Reyblack
1982	Young Doctors in Love	Jacobs
1983	Sweet Sixteen	Dr. John Morgan
	The Creature Wasn't Nice	Dr. Stark	Also known as Naked Space and Spaceship
1984	This Is Spinal Tap	Sir Denis Eton-Hogg
1985	A View to a Kill	Sir Godfrey Tibbett
	Shadey	Sir Cyril Landau
1988	Waxwork	Sir Wilfred
	Transformations	Father Christopher
1989	Chill Factor	Carl Lawton
	Lobster Man From Mars	Professor Plocostomos
	Masque of the Red Death	Machiavel
	Eye of the Widow	Andrew Marcus
1992	Waxwork II: Lost in Time	Sir Wilfred
1993	King B: A Life in the Movies	Himself
1998	The Avengers	Invisible Jones, a Ministry Agent	Voice only. Adaptation of the 1960s TV series Macnee had starred in
2003	The Low Budget Time Machine	Dr. Ballard	(final film role)

Television

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1953	Tales of Adventure	Roger Sudden
1955	On Camera	Guest star	Recurring
1958	The Veil	Constable Hawton	Episode: "Vision of Crime"
1959	The Twilight Zone	First Officer	Episode: "Judgment Night"
	Alcoa Presents: One Step Beyond	Fiancé
1959−60	The Swamp Fox	British Captain	Main cast
1961−1969	The Avengers	John Steed	Main cast
1964	The Importance of Being Earnest	Algernon Moncrieff	TV adaptation for Armchair Theatre
1971	Alias Smith and Jones	Norman Alexander	1 episode
1975	Columbo	Capt. Gibbon	Episode:Columbo: Troubled Waters
1976	Sherlock Holmes in New York	Dr. Watson	TV film
1976−77	The New Avengers	John Steed	Main cast
1977	Dead of Night	Dr. Gheria	TV film
1978	Evening in Byzantium	Ian Waldeigh	TV film
	Battlestar Galactica	Imperious Leader / Count Iblis	Voice for episodes 1−12 Uncredited
1980	The Littlest Hobo	Elmer	Episode: "Diamonds Are a Dog's Best Friend" (S 1:Ep 18)
1982	Rehearsal for Murder	David Mathews	TV film
1982−83	Gavilan	Milo Bentley	Main cast
1983	Return of the Man from U.N.C.L.E.	Sir John Raleigh	A reunion telefilm subtitled The Fifteen Years Later Affair was broadcast on CBS in America on 5 April 1983, with Vaughn and McCallum reprising their roles, and Macnee replacing Leo G. Carroll as the head of U.N.C.L.E. A framed picture of Carroll appeared on his desk.
	For the Term of His Natural Life	Major Vickers	Miniseries
1984	Empire	Calvin Cromwell	Main cast
1985	Lime Street	Sir Geoffrey Rimbatten	Main cast
1989	Around the World in 80 Days	Ralph Gautier	Miniseries
	Dick Francis: Blood Sport	Geoffrey Keeble
	Dick Francis: In the Frame	Geoffrey Keeble
	Dick Francis: Twice Shy	Geoffrey Keeble
	The Return of Sam McCloud	Tom Jamison	TV Movie of the series
1990−92	Super Force	Voice of E.B. Hungerford
1991	Sherlock Holmes and the Leading Lady	Dr. Watson	TV film
	The Gambler Returns: The Luck of the Draw	Sir Colin	Miniseries
1992	Incident at Victoria Falls	Dr. Watson	TV film
1993	The Hound of London	Sherlock Holmes	TV film
1994	Thunder in Paradise	Edward Whitaker	Main cast
1996	The Case of the Temporal Nexus	Sherlock Holmes	TV film
1997−98	Night Man	Dr. Walton	Recurring
1997	Spy Game	Mr. Black	Episode:"Why Spy?" (S 1:Ep 1 −Pilot)
	Light Lunch	Himself	Episode: "The Avengers... Still Kinky After All These Years" (S 1:Ep 42)
	Diagnosis Murder	Bernard Garrison	Episode: "Discards" (S 5:Ep 10)
1999	Nancherrow	Lord Peter Awliscombe	TV film
	Through the Keyhole	House Owner	Episode: "29 March 1999" (S 3:Ep 1)
2000	Family Law	Sir Thomas Matthews	Episode: "Second Chance" (S 1:21)
2001	Frasier	Cecil Headley	Episode: "The Show Must Go Off" (S 8"EP 12)
2003	That Was the Week We Watched	Himself	Episode: "11–17 April 1970" (S 1:Ep 2)
2005	After They Were Famous	Himself	Episode: "Crimefighters" (S 4:Ep 7)

Documentaries

• Real Ghost Stories: The Dead and the Restless (1997)
• Real Ghost Stories: The Wild West of the Dead (1997)
• Real Ghost Stories: Spirits, Graveyards & Ghostbusters (1997)
• Real Ghost Stories: The Poltergeists (1997)
• Real Ghost Stories: The London Underworld & Beyond (1997)
• Unexplained Mysteries: Nostradamus (1999 Front Row Entertainment, Inc.)
• Unexplained Mysteries: Out of Body Experience (1999 Front Row Entertainment, Inc.)
• Unexplained Mysteries: Haunted Historic Sites (1999 Front Row Entertainment, Inc.)
• Unexplained Mysteries: Miracle Healings (2000 Front Row Entertainment, Inc.)
• Unexplained Mysteries: World of Satanism (2000 Front Row Entertainment, Inc.)
• Unexplained Mysteries: Jack The Ripper (2001 Front Row Entertainment, Inc.)
• Unexplained Mysteries: Cryonics (2001 Front Row Entertainment, Inc.)
• Ian Fleming: 007's Creator (2000)
• The Spirit of Diana (2003)
• Unlocking DaVinci's Code (2004)
• The Witnessing of Angels (2010)
• Real Ghost Stories: Hollywood Ghosts (2010)

Music videos

• The Pretenders - "Don't Get Me Wrong" (1986) (Steed in original Avengers footage)
• Oasis - "Don't Look Back in Anger" (1996)

Diana Rigg

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_Rigg 

 

Dame Diana Rigg DBE
Rigg in Diana in 1973
Born	Enid Diana Elizabeth Rigg July 20, 1938 Doncaster, West Riding of Yorkshire, England
Occupation	Actress
Years active	1957–present
Spouse(s)	Menachem Gueffen ​ ( m. 1973; div. 1976) Archie Stirling ​ ( m. 1982; div. 1990) (1 child)
Children	Rachael Stirling

Dame Enid Diana Elizabeth Rigg (born July 20, 1938), DBE is an English actress. She played Emma Peel in the TV series The Avengers (1965–68), Countess Teresa di Vicenzo, wife of James Bond, in On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969) and Olenna Tyrell in Game of Thrones (2013–17). She has also had a career in theatre, including playing the title role in Medea, both in London and New York, for which she won the 1994 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play. She was made a CBE in 1988 and a Dame in 1994 for services to drama.

Rigg made her professional stage debut in 1957 in The Caucasian Chalk Circle, and joined the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1959. She made her Broadway debut in the 1971 production of Abelard & Heloise. Her film roles include Helena in A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968); Lady Holiday in The Great Muppet Caper (1981); and Arlena Marshall in Evil Under the Sun (1982). She won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for the BBC miniseries Mother Love (1989), and an Emmy Award for her role as Mrs. Danvers in an adaptation of Rebecca (1997). Her other television credits include You, Me and the Apocalypse (2015), Detectorists (2015), and the Doctor Who episode "The Crimson Horror" (2013) with her daughter, Rachael Stirling.

Early life and education

Rigg was born in Doncaster, which was then in the West Riding of Yorkshire, now in South Yorkshire, in 1938, to Louis Rigg (1903–1968) and Beryl Hilda (née Helliwell; 1908–1981); her father was a railway engineer who had been born in Yorkshire. Between the ages of two months and eight years Rigg lived in Bikaner, India, where her father was employed as a railway executive.^[2] She spoke Hindi as her second language in those young years.

She was later sent back to England to attend a boarding school, Fulneck Girls School, in a Moravian settlement near Pudsey. Rigg hated her boarding school, where she felt like a fish out of water, but she believes that Yorkshire played a greater part in shaping her character than India did. She trained as an actress at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art from 1955–57, where her classmates included Glenda Jackson and Siân Phillips.

Theatre career

Rigg's career in film, television and the theatre has been wide-ranging, including roles in the Royal Shakespeare Company between 1959 and 1964. Her professional debut was as Natasha Abashwilli in the RADA production of The Caucasian Chalk Circle at the York Festival in 1957.

She returned to the stage in the Ronald Millar play Abelard and Heloïse in London in 1970, and made her Broadway debut with the play in 1971, earning the first of three Tony Award nominations for Best Actress in a Play. She received her second nomination in 1975, for The Misanthrope. A member of the National Theatre Company at the Old Vic from 1972 to 1975, Rigg took leading roles in premiere productions of two Tom Stoppard plays, Dorothy Moore in Jumpers (National Theatre, 1972) and Ruth Carson in Night and Day (Phoenix Theatre, 1978).

In 1982, she appeared in a musical called Colette, based on the life of the French writer and created by Tom Jones and Harvey Schmidt, but it closed during an American tour en route to Broadway. In 1987 she took a leading role in the West End production of Stephen Sondheim's musical Follies. In the 1990s, she had triumphs with roles at the Almeida Theatre in Islington, including Medea in 1992 (which transferred to the Wyndham's Theatre in 1993 and then Broadway in 1994, for which she received the Tony Award for Best Actress), Mother Courage at the National Theatre in 1995 and Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? at the Almeida Theatre in 1996 (which transferred to the Aldwych Theatre in 1997).

In 2004, she appeared as Violet Venable in Sheffield Theatres' production of Tennessee Williams's play Suddenly Last Summer, which transferred to the Albery Theatre. In 2006, she appeared at the Wyndham's Theatre in London's West End in a drama entitled Honour which had a limited but successful run. In 2007, she appeared as Huma Rojo in the Old Vic's production of All About My Mother, adapted by Samuel Adamson and based on the film of the same title directed by Pedro Almodóvar.

She appeared in 2008 in The Cherry Orchard at the Chichester Festival Theatre, returning there in 2009 to star in Noël Coward's Hay Fever. In 2011 she played Mrs. Higgins in Pygmalion at the Garrick Theatre, opposite Rupert Everett and Kara Tointon, having played Eliza Doolittle 37 years earlier at the Albery Theatre.

In February 2018, she returned to Broadway in the non-singing role of Mrs. Higgins in My Fair Lady. She commented on taking the role, "I think it's so special. When I was offered Mrs. Higgins, I thought it was just such a lovely idea." She received her fourth Tony nomination for the role.

Film and television career

Rigg appeared in the British 1960s television series The Avengers (1961–69) opposite Patrick Macnee as John Steed, playing the secret agent Emma Peel in 51 episodes, replacing Elizabeth Shepherd at very short notice when Shepherd was dropped from the role after filming two episodes. Rigg auditioned for the role on a whim, without ever having seen the programme. Although she was hugely successful in the series, she disliked the lack of privacy that it brought. Also, she was not comfortable in her position as a sex symbol. In an interview with The Guardian in 2019, Rigg stated that "becoming a sex symbol overnight had shocked" her. She also did not like the way that she was treated by production company Associated British Corporation (ABC). For her second series she held out for a pay rise from £150 a week to £450; she said in 2019—when gender pay inequality was very much in the news—that "not one woman in the industry supported me ... Neither did Patrick [Macnee, her co-star]... But I was painted as this mercenary creature by the press when all I wanted was equality. It’s so depressing that we are still talking about the gender pay gap." She did not stay for a third year. Patrick Macnee noted that Rigg had later told him that she considered Macnee and her driver to be her only friends on the set. On the big screen she became a Bond girl in On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969), playing Tracy Bond, James Bond's only wife, opposite George Lazenby. She said she took the role with the hope that she would become better known in the United States. In 1973–1974, she starred in a short-lived US sitcom called Diana.

Her other films from this period include The Assassination Bureau (1969), Julius Caesar (1970), The Hospital (1971), Theatre of Blood (1973), In This House of Brede (1975), based on the book by Rumer Godden, and A Little Night Music (1977). She appeared as the title character in The Marquise (1980), a television adaptation of play by Noël Coward. She appeared in the Yorkshire Television production of Ibsen's Hedda Gabler (1981) in the title role, and as Lady Holiday in the film The Great Muppet Caper (also 1981). The following year she received acclaim for her performance as Arlena Marshall in the film adaptation of Agatha Christie's Evil Under the Sun, sharing barbs with her character's old rival, played by Maggie Smith.

She appeared as Regan, the king's treacherous second daughter, in a Granada Television production of King Lear (1983), which starred Laurence Olivier in the title role. As Lady Dedlock she costarred with Denholm Elliott in a television version of Dickens' Bleak House (BBC, 1985), and played the Evil Queen, Snow White's evil stepmother, in the Cannon Movie Tales's film adaptation of Snow White (1987). In 1989 she played Helena Vesey in Mother Love for the BBC; her portrayal of an obsessive mother who was prepared to do anything, even murder, to keep control of her son won Rigg the 1990 BAFTA for Best Television Actress.

In 1995, she appeared in a film adaptation for television based on Danielle Steel's Zoya as Evgenia, the main character's grandmother.

She appeared on television as Mrs Danvers in Rebecca (1997), winning an Emmy, as well as the PBS production Moll Flanders, and as the amateur detective Mrs Bradley in The Mrs Bradley Mysteries. In this BBC series, first aired in 2000, she played Gladys Mitchell's detective, Dame Beatrice Adela Le Strange Bradley, an eccentric old woman who worked for Scotland Yard as a pathologist. The series was not a critical success and did not return for a second series.

From 1989 until 2003, she hosted the PBS television series Mystery!, shown in the United States by PBS broadcaster WGBH, taking over from Vincent Price, her co-star in Theatre of Blood. 

She also appeared in the second series of Ricky Gervais's comedy Extras, alongside Harry Potter star Daniel Radcliffe, and in the 2006 film The Painted Veil.

In 2013 she appeared in an episode of Doctor Who in a Victorian-era based story called "The Crimson Horror" alongside her daughter Rachael Stirling, Matt Smith and Jenna-Louise Coleman. The episode had been specially written for her and her daughter by Mark Gatiss and aired as part of series 7. It was not the first time mother and daughter had appeared in the same production, that was in the 2000 NBC film In the Beginning, but the first time she had worked with her daughter and also the first time in her career her roots were accessed to find a Doncaster, Yorkshire, accent.

The same year, Rigg secured a recurring role in the third season of the HBO series Game of Thrones, portraying Lady Olenna Tyrell, a witty and sarcastic political mastermind popularly known as the Queen of Thorns, the paternal grandmother of regular character Margaery Tyrell. Her performance was well received by critics and audiences alike, and earned her an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards in 2013. She reprised her role in season four of Game of Thrones, and in July 2014 received another Guest Actress Emmy nomination. In 2015 and 2016, she again reprised the role in seasons five and six in an expanded role from the books. The character was finally killed off in the seventh season, with Rigg's final performance receiving critical acclaim. In April 2019 Rigg said she had never watched Game of Thrones, before or after her time on the show.

Personal life

In the 1960s, Rigg lived for eight years with director Philip Saville, gaining attention in the tabloids when she disclaimed interest in marrying the older, already-married Saville, saying she had no desire "to be respectable." She was married to Menachem Gueffen, an Israeli painter, from 1973 until their divorce in 1976, and to Archibald Stirling, a theatrical producer and former officer in the Scots Guards, from 25 March 1982, until their divorce in 1990 after his affair with the actress Joely Richardson. With Stirling, Rigg has a daughter, actress Rachael Stirling, who was born in 1977.

Rigg has long been an outspoken critic of feminism, saying in 1969, "Women are in a much stronger position than men."

Rigg is a Patron of International Care & Relief and was for many years the public face of the charity's child sponsorship scheme. She was also Chancellor of the University of Stirling, a ceremonial rather than executive role, and was succeeded by James Naughtie when her ten-year term of office ended on 31 July 2008.

Michael Parkinson, who first interviewed Rigg in 1972, described her as the most desirable woman he ever met, who "radiated a lustrous beauty". A smoker from the age of 18, Rigg was still smoking 20 cigarettes a day in 2009. By December 2017, she had stopped smoking after serious illness led to heart surgery, a cardiac ablation, two months earlier. A devout Christian, she commented that: "My heart had stopped ticking during the procedure, so I was up there and the good Lord must have said, 'Send the old bag down again, I'm not having her yet!'"

In a June 2015 interview with Stephen Bowie of The A.V. Club, Rigg also commented about the chemistry between Patrick Macnee and herself on The Avengers, despite being 16 years apart: "I sort of vaguely knew Patrick Macnee, and he looked kindly on me and sort of husbanded me through the first couple of episodes. After that we became equal, and loved each other and sparked off each other. And we'd then improvise, write our own lines. They trusted us. Particularly our scenes when we were finding a dead body—I mean, another dead body. How do you get 'round that one? They allowed us to do it." She also said about the improvisation of the dialogue: "Not for an instant, no. Well, when I say improvising, Pat and I would sit down and work out approximately what we'd say. It wasn't sort of...who's the American duo? Mike Nichols and Elaine May. It was definitely not that." Asked if she had ever stayed in touch with Macnee (the interview was published two days before Macnee's death and decades after they were reunited for one last time on her short-lived American series Diana): "You'll always be close to somebody that you worked with very intimately for so long, and you become really fond of each other. But we haven't seen each other for a very, very long time."

Her first grandchild, a boy named Jack (born to Rachael Stirling and Elbow frontman Guy Garvey), was born in April 2017.

Filmography

Film

Year	Title	Role Year Title	Notes
1968	A Midsummer Night's Dream	Helena
1969	Mini-Killers		Short film
	The Assassination Bureau	Sonya Winter
	On Her Majesty's Secret Service	Teresa "Tracy" di Vicenzo
1970	Julius Caesar	Portia
1971	The Hospital	Barbara Drummond
1973	Theatre of Blood	Edwina Lionheart
1977	A Little Night Music	Countess Charlotte Mittelheim
1981	The Great Muppet Caper	Lady Holiday
1982	Evil Under the Sun	Arlena Marshall
1986	The Worst Witch	Miss Hardbroom
1987	Snow White	The Evil Queen
1994	A Good Man in Africa	Chloe Fanshawe
1999	Parting Shots	Lisa
2005	Heidi	Grandmamma
2006	The Painted Veil	Mother Superior
2015	The Honourable Rebel	Narrator
2017	Breathe	Lady Neville
2021	Last Night in Soho	Miss Collins	Post-production

Television

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1959	A Midsummer Night's Dream	Bit part	TV film
1963	The Sentimental Agent	Francy Wilde	Episode: "A Very Desirable Plot"
1964	Festival	Adriana	Episode: "The Comedy of Errors"
	Armchair Theatre	Anita Fender	Episode: "The Hothouse"
1965	ITV Play of the Week	Bianca	Episode: "Women Beware Women"
1965–68	The Avengers	Emma Peel	Main role (51 episodes)
1970	ITV Saturday Night Theatre	Liz Jardine	Episode: "Married Alive"
1973–74	Diana	Diana Smythe	Main role (15 episodes)
1974	Affairs of the Heart	Grace Gracedew	Episode: "Grace"
1975	In This House of Brede	Philippa	TV film
	The Morecambe & Wise Show	Nell Gwynne	Sketch in Christmas Show
1977	Three Piece Suite	Various	Regular role (6 episodes)
1979	Oresteia	Clytemnestra	TV miniseries
1980	The Marquise	Eloise	TV film
1981	Hedda Gabler	Hedda Gabler	TV film
1982	Play of the Month	Rita Allmers	Episode: Little Eyolf
	Witness for the Prosecution	Christine Vole	TV film
1983	King Lear	Regan	TV film
1985	Bleak House	Lady Honoria Dedlock	TV miniseries
1986	The Worst Witch	Miss Constance Hardbroom	TV film
1987	A Hazard of Hearts	Lady Harriet Vulcan	TV film
1989	The Play on One	Lydia	Episode: "Unexplained Laughter"
	Mother Love	Helena Vesey	TV miniseries British Academy Television Award for Best Actress Broadcast Press Guild Award for Best Actress
1992	Mrs. 'Arris Goes to Paris	Mme. Colbert	TV film
1993	Road to Avonlea	Lady Blackwell	Episode: "The Disappearance"
	Running Delilah	Judith	TV film
	Screen Two	Baroness Frieda von Stangel	Episode: "Genghis Cohn" Nominated – CableACE Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie
1995	Zoya	Evgenia	TV film
	The Haunting of Helen Walker	Mrs. Grose	TV film
1996	The Fortunes and Misfortunes of Moll Flanders	Mrs. Golightly	TV film
	Samson and Delilah	Mara	TV film
1997	Rebecca	Mrs. Danvers	TV miniseries Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie
1998	The American	Madame de Bellegarde	TV film
1998–2000	The Mrs Bradley Mysteries	Mrs. Adela Bradley	Main role (5 episodes)
2000	In the Beginning	Mature Rebeccah	TV film
2001	Victoria & Albert	Baroness Lehzen	TV miniseries Nominated – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie
2003	Murder in Mind	Jill Craig	Episode: "Suicide"
	Charles II: The Power and the Passion	Queen Henrietta Maria	TV miniseries
2006	Extras	Herself	Episode: "Daniel Radcliffe"
2013–17	Game of Thrones	Olenna Tyrell	18 episodes Nominated – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series (2013, 2014, 2015, 2018) Nominated – Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Guest Performer in a Drama Series (2013, 2014)
2013	Doctor Who	Mrs. Winifred Gillyflower	Episode: "The Crimson Horror"
2015, 2017	Penn Zero: Part-Time Hero	Mayor Pink Panda (voice)	3 episodes
	Detectorists	Veronica	6 episodes
2015	You, Me and the Apocalypse	Sutton	5 episodes
	Professor Branestawm Returns	Lady Pagwell	TV film
2017	Victoria	Duchess of Buccleuch	9 episodes
2019	The Snail and the Whale	Narrator	Short television film
2020	All Creatures Great and Small	Mrs. Pumphrey	Upcoming TV series
	Black Narcissus	Mother Dorothea	Upcoming miniseries

Theatre credits

List of selected theatre credits

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1957	The Caucasian Chalk Circle	Natella Abashwili	Theatre Royal, York Festival
1964	King Lear	Cordelia	Royal Shakespeare Company (European/US Tour)
1966	Twelfth Night	Viola	Royal Shakespeare Company
1970	Abelard and Heloise	Heloise	Wyndham's Theatre, London
1971	Abelard and Heloise	Heloise	Brooks Atkinson Theatre, New York
1972	Macbeth	Lady Macbeth	Old Vic Theatre, London
1972	Jumpers	Dorothy Moore	Old Vic Theatre, London
1973	The Misanthrope	Célimène	Old Vic Theatre, London
1974	Pygmalion	Eliza Doolittle	Albery Theatre, London
1975	The Misanthrope	Célimène	St. James Theatre, New York
1978	Night and Day	Ruth Carson	Phoenix Theatre, London
1982	Colette	Colette	US national tour
1983	Heartbreak House	Lady Ariadne Utterword	Theatre Royal Haymarket, London
1985	Little Eyolf	Rita Allmers	Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith, London
1985	Antony and Cleopatra	Cleopatra	Chichester Festival Theatre, UK
1986	Wildfire	Bess	Theatre Royal, Bath & Phoenix Theatre, London
1987	Follies	Phyllis Rogers Stone	Shaftesbury Theatre, London
1990	Love Letters	Melissa	Stage Door Theatre, San Francisco
1992	Putting It Together		Old Fire Station Theatre, Oxford
1992	Berlin Bertie	Rosa	Royal Court Theatre, London
1992	Medea	Medea	Almeida Theatre, London
1993	Medea	Medea	Wyndham's Theatre, London
1994	Medea	Medea	Longacre Theatre, New York
1995	Mother Courage and Her Children	Mother Courage	National Theatre, London
1996	Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf	Martha	Almeida Theatre, London
1997	Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf	Martha	Aldwych Theatre, London
1998	Phaedra	Phaedra	Almeida at the Albery Theatre, London & BAM in Brooklyn
1998	Britannicus	Agrippina	Almeida at the Albery Theatre, London & BAM in Brooklyn
2001	Humble Boy	Flora Humble	National Theatre, London
2002	The Hollow Crown		International Tour: New Zealand, Australia, Stratford-upon-Avon, UK
2004	Suddenly, Last Summer	Violet Venable	Albery Theatre, London
2006	Honour	Honour	Wyndham's Theatre, London
2007	All About My Mother	Huma Rojo	Old Vic Theatre, London
2008	The Cherry Orchard	Ranyevskaya	Chichester Festival Theatre, UK
2009	Hay Fever	Judith Bliss	Chichester Festival Theatre, UK
2011	Pygmalion	Mrs. Higgins	Garrick Theatre, London
2018	My Fair Lady	Mrs. Higgins	Vivian Beaumont Theatre, New York

Honours, awards and nominations

Rigg received honorary degrees from the University of Stirling in 1988, the University of Leeds in 1992, and London South Bank University in 1996.

Rigg was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1988 New Year Honours and a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) for services to drama in the 1994 Birthday Honours.

In 2014, Rigg received the Will Award, presented by the Shakespeare Theatre Company, along with Stacy Keach and John Hurt.

On 25 October 2015, to mark 50 years of Emma Peel, the BFI (British Film Institute) screened an episode of The Avengers followed by an onstage interview with Rigg about her time in the television series.

Year	Award	Category	Work	Result
1967	Emmy Award	Best Actress in a Drama Series	The Avengers	Nominated
1968				Nominated
1970	Laurel Award	Female New Face	The Assassination Bureau	Nominated
1971	Tony Award	Best Actress in a Play	Abelard and Heloise	Nominated
1972	Golden Globe	Best Supporting Actress (motion picture)	The Hospital	Nominated
1975	Tony Award	Best Actress in a Play	The Misanthrope	Nominated
	Drama Desk Award	Outstanding Actress in a Play		Nominated
	Emmy Award	Best Actress in a TV Movie	In This House of Brede	Nominated
1990	BAFTA TV Award	Best Actress	Mother Love	Won
	Broadcasting Press Guild Award	Best Actress		Won
1992	Evening Standard Award	Best Actress	Medea	Won
1994	Olivier Award	Best Actress		Nominated
	Drama Desk Award	Outstanding Actress in a Play		Nominated
	Tony Award	Best Actress in a Play		Won
1996	CableACE Award	Supporting Actress in a Movie or Miniseries	Screen Two (1985) – episode "Genghis Cohn"	Nominated
	Olivier Award	Best Actress	Mother Courage	Nominated
	Evening Standard Award	Best Actress	Mother Courage and Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf	Won
1997	Olivier Award	Best Actress	Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf	Nominated
	Emmy Award	Best Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or TV Movie	Rebecca	Won
1999	Olivier Award	Best Actress	Britannicus and Phedre	Nominated
2000	Special BAFTA Award[47] non-competitive	John Steed's partners shared with Honor Blackman, Linda Thorson and Joanna Lumley.	The Avengers (and The New Avengers)	Awarded
2002	Emmy Award	Best Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or TV Movie	Victoria & Albert	Nominated
2013	Critics' Choice Television Award	Best Guest Performer in a Drama Series	Game of Thrones	Nominated
	Emmy Award	Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series		Nominated
2014	Critics' Choice Television Award	Best Guest Performer in a Drama Series		Nominated
	Emmy Award	Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series		Nominated
2015	Emmy Award	Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series		Nominated
2018	Drama Desk Award	Best Featured Actress in a Musical	My Fair Lady	Nominated
	Tony Award	Best Featured Actress in a Musical		Nominated
	Emmy Award	Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series	Game of Thrones	Nominated
2019	Canneseries	Variety Icon Award	N/A	Won