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Perl
Programming-republic-of-perl.png
ParadigmMulti-paradigm: functional, imperative, object-oriented (class-based), reflective, procedural, event-driven, generic
Designed byLarry Wall
DeveloperLarry Wall
First appearedDecember 18, 1987
Stable release
5.28.1 / November 29, 2018 5.26.3 / November 29, 2018
Preview release
5.29.7 / January 20, 2019
Typing disciplineDynamic
Implementation languageC
OSCross-platform
LicenseArtistic License 1.0 or GNU General Public License
Filename extensions.pl, .pm, .xs, .t, .pod
Websitewww.perl.org
Influenced by
AWK, C, C++, Lisp, Pascal, sed, Smalltalk 80, Unix shell
Influenced
CoffeeScript, ECMAScript, Groovy, JavaScript, Julia, LPC, Perl 6, PHP, Python, Ruby, Windows PowerShell

Perl is a family of two high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming languages, Perl 5 and Perl 6.

Though Perl is not officially an acronym, there are various backronyms in use, including "Practical Extraction and Reporting Language". Perl was originally developed by Larry Wall in 1987 as a general-purpose Unix scripting language to make report processing easier. Since then, it has undergone many changes and revisions. Perl 6, which began as a redesign of Perl 5 in 2000, eventually evolved into a separate language. Both languages continue to be developed independently by different development teams and liberally borrow ideas from one another.

The Perl languages borrow features from other programming languages including C, shell script (sh), AWK, and sed; Wall also alludes to Basic and Lisp in the introduction to Learning Perl (Schwartz & Christiansen) and so on. They provide text processing facilities without the arbitrary data-length limits of many contemporary Unix commandline tools, facilitating manipulation of text files. Perl 5 gained widespread popularity in the late 1990s as a CGI scripting language, in part due to its then unsurpassed regular expression and string parsing abilities.

In addition to CGI, Perl 5 is used for system administration, network programming, finance, bioinformatics, and other applications, such as for GUIs. It has been nicknamed "the Swiss Army chainsaw of scripting languages" because of its flexibility and power, and also its ugliness. In 1998, it was also referred to as the "duct tape that holds the Internet together," in reference to both its ubiquitous use as a glue language and its perceived inelegance.

History