| Eckankar | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
The Eckankar "EK" symbol
| ||||
| Type | Dharma influenced New religious movement | |||
| Scripture | Main: Shariyat-Ki-Sugmad Minor: Autobiography of a Modern Prophet etc. | |||
| Spiritual Leader | Sri Harold Klemp, the Mahanta, the Living ECK Master | |||
| Region | Mostly worldwide | |||
| Headquarters | Temple of ECK, Chanhassen, Minnesota | |||
| Founder | Paul Twitchell | |||
| Origin | 1965 San Diego, California | |||
| Centres | 367+ (Late 1990s) | |||
| Members | 50,000-500,000 | |||
The Temple of Eck in Chanhassen, Minnesota, U.S.
Eckankar is a religion founded by Paul Twitchell in 1965. It is a non-profit religious group with members in over one hundred countries. The spiritual home is the Temple of Eck in Chanhassen, Minnesota. Eckankar is not affiliated with any other religious group.
The movement teaches simple spiritual exercises, such as singing "Hu", called "a love song to God", to experience the Light and Sound of God and recognize the presence of the Holy Spirit.
Etymology
According to the Eckankar glossary, the term Eckankar means Co-Worker with God. ECK is another word for the Holy Spirit, also known as the Audible Life Current, Life Force, or Light and Sound of God.
Eckankar's headquarters were originally in Las Vegas, Nevada. Under the leadership of Darwin Gross, the organization was moved to Menlo Park, California in 1975. In 1986, Harold Klemp moved the base of operations to Minneapolis, Minnesota.
The leader of Eckankar is known as 'the Living ECK Master'. Some
leaders, Twitchell and Klemp, for example, also hold the title "Mahanta"
which refers to the inner aspect of the teacher.
The leader functions as both an inner and outer guide for each
member's individual spiritual progress. Twitchell (spiritual name:
Peddar Zaskq) was the movement's spiritual leader until his death in
late 1971. Gross (spiritual name: Dap Ren) succeeded him until October
22, 1981, when Klemp (spiritual name: Wah Z, pronounced Wah Zee) became
the spiritual leader.
Harold Klemp attended a Lutheran preministerial high school and
college. He later pursued private study into different paths such as the
Rosicrucians and Edgar Cayce. The extent of the influence of these
teachings on Klemp is difficult to determine.[Ref: Miller].
Some scholars believe that Eckankar draws in part from the Sikh and Hindu religions, and the Sant Mat movement. Others find significant differences between Sant Mat teachings and Eckankar.
Beliefs
One of
the basic tenets is that Soul (the true self) may be experienced
separate from the physical body and in full consciousness travel freely
in "other planes of reality". Eckankar emphasizes personal spiritual experiences as the most natural way back to God. These are attained via Soul Travel shifting the awareness from the body to the inner planes of existence.
Certain mantras or chants are used to facilitate spiritual growth. One important spiritual exercise of Eckankar is the singing or chanting of Hu,
and is viewed in Eckankar as a "love song to God". It is pronounced
like the English word "hue" (or "hyoo") in a long, drawn-out breath and
is sung for about half an hour. ECKists sing it alone or in groups.
ECKists believe that singing Hu draws one closer in state of
consciousness to the Divine Being and that it can expand awareness, help
one experience divine love, heal broken hearts, offer solace in times
of grief, and bring peace and calm.
ECKists believe this practice allows the student to step back from the
overwhelming input of the physical senses and emotions and regain Soul's
spiritually higher viewpoint.
Dreams are regarded as important teaching tools, and members often keep dream journals to facilitate study. According to followers of Eckankar, dream travel often serves as the gateway to Soul Travel or the shifting of one's consciousness to ever-higher states of being.
Eckankar teaches that "spiritual liberation" in one's lifetime is
available to all and that it is possible to achieve Self-Realization
(the realization of oneself as Soul) and God-Realization (the
realization of oneself as a spark of God) in one's lifetime. The
membership card for Eckankar states: "The aim and purpose of Eckankar
has always been to take Soul by Its own path back to Its divine source."
The final spiritual goal of all ECKists is to become conscious "Co-workers" with God.
The Shariyat-Ki-Sugmad, which means "Way of the Eternal", is the holy scripture of Eckankar. It comprises two books that tell of spiritual meaning and purpose as written by the Mahanta. There are also a series of Satsang
writings, that are available with yearly membership in Eckankar. There
are Satsang classes available to study discourses with others, as well
as individually.
Some of the key beliefs taught in the Shariyat-Ki-Sugmad include Soul Travel, karma, reincarnation,
love, Light and Sound, and many other spiritual topics. ECKists believe
Sugmad is the endless source from which all forms were created, and
that the ECK, the Sound Current, flows out of Sugmad and into lower
dimensions.
Primary to the teaching is the belief that one may experience the
perspective of soul beyond the limits of the body. Also, the concepts
of karma and reincarnation help to explain situations in life as the playing out of past causes.
The beliefs that individuals are responsible for their own
destiny and that their decisions determine their future are important
concepts to Eckankar. Eckankar students meet in open public services and
classes to discuss personal experiences, topics, books and discourses.
Worship
Eckankar
emphasizes personal spiritual experiences as the most natural way back
to God. These are attained via the Spiritual Exercises of ECK. Eckankar
offers a Spiritual Exercise of the Week on its website.
An ECK Light and Sound service generally includes a HU Song and
contemplation, a talk or panel discussion from members of the Eckankar
Clergy, and often includes creative arts and group discussion. Eckankar
hosts a Worldwide Seminar in October and a Springtime Seminar every
year. Eckankar also hosts annual seminars in countries around the world.
ECK seminars include speakers, creative arts, workshops, discussion
groups and other activities.
Current status
The Eckankar "EK" symbol appears on the list of Available Emblems of Belief for Placement on Government Headstones and Markers by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. Sources estimate that there were around 50,000 followers in the 1990s.
Iran
In February 2018, Iranian agencies reported the execution of Karim Zargar, an Eckankar member, for "corruption on earth" and forced rape. Zargar was a lawyer, actor, and former IRIB broadcast executive who was hanged at Rajai Shahr Prison. Marjan Davari, Mr. Zargar's former spouse, was also imprisoned and sentenced to death for being a member of Eckankar.
Ms. Davari's family has stated in the media and online that she is
merely a researcher and a translator and is not a follower of Eckankar.
Ceremonies and rites
There
are few personal requirements to be an ECKist; however, certain
spiritual practices are recommended. Chief among these is daily practice
of the "Spiritual Exercises of ECK" for 15–20 minutes. The most basic ECK spiritual exercise is singing the word Hu.
A wide variety of spiritual exercises are offered, and members are
encouraged to create their own. Study of ECK books and written
discourses, alone or in groups, is also encouraged. There are no dietary
requirements, taboos, or enforced ascetic practices. Eckankar does not
require potential members to leave their current faith to join.
There are a number of ceremonies an ECKist can experience as part
of the teaching, including a Consecration ceremony for initiating the
young and infants, a Rite of Passage into adulthood (around age 13), a
Wedding ceremony, and a Memorial service.
September 17 is celebrated as Founder's Day in honor of the
modern-day founder of Eckankar, Paul Twitchell. October 22 is celebrated
as the spiritual new year.
ECK Masters
ECKists believe contact with Divine Spirit, which they call the ECK,
can be made via the spiritual exercises of ECK and the guidance of the
living ECK Master. It is held that the ECK Masters are here to serve all
life irrespective of religious belief. The main Eckankar website
includes a list of Masters, some of whom are historical figures.
Criticism
In Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America, David C. Lane writes:
This lineage, known as the Vairagi masters in Eckankar, allegedly traces its genealogy back through some 970 Living Eck Masters to Rama, an avatar of Vishnu in Hinduism. In other versions, the teachings go even further back to Gakko, a spiritual essence that traveled from the city of Retz on the planet Venus to Earth six million years ago...In addition, Sudar Singh and Rebazar Tarzs are not genuine historical personages but literary inventions developed by Twitchell to conceal his past associations.
