Russian Federation
Российская Федерация
1991–present
Anthem: 
Патриотическая песня
Patrioticheskaya pesnya
"The Patriotic Song"
(1991–2000)
1:17

Государственный гимн Российской Федерации
Gosudarstvennyy gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii
"State Anthem of the Russian Federation"
(2000–present)
1:22
Russian territory since 2014 on the globe, with unrecognised territory shown in light green.[a]
Russian territory since 2014 on the globe, with unrecognised territory shown in light green.
Capital
and largest city
Moscow
55°45′N 37°37′E
Official language
and national language
Russian
Recognised national languagesSee Languages of Russia
Ethnic groups
(2010)
Religion
(2017)
Demonym(s)Russian
GovernmentFederal socialist republic
(1991–1993)
Federal semi-presidential constitutional republic
(1993–present)
President 

• 1991–1999
Boris Yeltsin
• 1999–2008
Vladimir Putin
• 2008–2012
Dmitry Medvedev
• 2012–present
Vladimir Putin
Prime Minister 

• 1991–1992
Boris Yeltsin (first)
• 2020–present
Mikhail Mishustin (current)
LegislatureSupreme Soviet
(1991–1993)
Federal Assembly
(1993–present)
Soviet of Nationalities
(1991–1993)
Federation Council
(1993–present)
Soviet of the Republic
(1991–1993)
State Duma
(1993–present)
Independence 
from the Soviet Union

12 June 1990
23 August 1991
• Renamed
26 December 1991
26 December 1991
12 December 1993
8 December 1999
18 March 2014
4 July 2020
Area
• Total
17,098,246 km2 (6,601,670 sq mi) 17,125,200 km2 (including Crimea) (1st)
• Water (%)
13 (including swamps)
Population
• 2022 estimate
  • Neutral decrease 145,478,097
  • (including Crimea)
  • Neutral decrease 143,054,637
  • (excluding Crimea)
(9th)
• Density
8.4/km2 (21.8/sq mi) (181st)
GDP (PPP)2021 estimate
• Total
Increase $4.365 trillion (6th)
• Per capita
Increase $30,013 (55th)
GDP (nominal)2021 estimate
• Total
Increase $1.829 trillion (11th)
• Per capita
Increase $12,575 (64th)
Gini (2018)Positive decrease 36.0
medium · 98th
HDI (2019)Increase 0.824
very high · 52nd
CurrencyRussian ruble () (RUB)
Time zoneUTC+2 to +12
Driving sideright
Calling code+7
ISO 3166 codeRU
Internet TLD
Preceded by

Soviet Union
Russian SFSR