Snowflake is a 2010s derogatory slang term for a person, implying that they have an inflated sense of uniqueness, an unwarranted sense of entitlement, or are overly-emotional, easily offended, and unable to deal with opposing opinions. Common usages include the terms special snowflake, Generation Snowflake, and snowflake as a politicized insult.
Background and usage
It is popularly believed that every snowflake has a unique structure.
Most usages of "snowflake" make reference to the physical qualities of
snowflakes, such as their unique structure or fragility, while a
minority of usages make reference to the white color of snow.
Unique or special snowflake
Chuck Palahniuk has often been credited with coining the metaphorical use of snowflake in his 1996 novel Fight Club, which contains the quote: "you are not special, you are not a beautiful and unique snowflake". The 1999 film adaptation also includes this line. In January 2017, Palahniuk directly claimed credit, adding that young adults of the 2010s exhibit "a kind of new Victorianism". Palahniuk's claim has been questioned. The metaphor has been used positively with students to celebrate their individuality (and teamwork).
Following Fight Club, the terms "special snowflake" and "special snowflake syndrome" were applied to individuals with a negative connotation.
Such terminology refers to a person who believes their status as a
unique individual means they are destined for great success, or deserve a
special career, with abundant praise and admiration. According to Merriam-Webster, in the 2000s snowflake referred "mostly to millennials
who were allegedly too convinced of their own status as special and
unique people to be able (or bothered) to handle the normal trials and
travails of regular adult life".
Generation Snowflake
The term "Generation Snowflake" or "Snowflake Generation" was popularized by Claire Fox's 2016 book I Find That Offensive!, which discussed a 2015 student/faculty confrontation at Yale University. The confrontation arose between university students and faculty Head of College, Nicholas A. Christakis. The confrontation, which was recorded and uploaded to YouTube, shows university students arguing with Christakis over a disagreement regarding Halloween costumes and the degree to which Yale University should intervene regarding student costumes which may be perceived as cultural appropriation.
Fox described the video as showing a: "screaming, almost hysterical mob
of students" and that the backlash to the viral video led to the
disparaging moniker "generation snowflake" for the students.
According to a 2016 article by Helen Rumbelow published in The Australian:
"The term 'generation snowflake' started in the United States. Parents
cherished their offspring as 'precious little snowflakes', each alike
but unique, or 'everyone is special'."
Claire Fox argues recent parenting philosophy led to parenting methods
which "denied resilience-building freedoms that past generations
enjoyed".
The term "snowflake generation" was one of Collins English Dictionary's
2016 words of the year. Collins defines the term as "the young adults
of the 2010s, viewed as being less resilient and more prone to taking
offence than previous generations".
The terms "generation snowflake" and "snowflake generation" are frequently used in reference to use of trigger warnings and safe spaces, or to describe young adults as anti-free speech, specifically in reference to a practice referred to as deplatforming. It has also been used to refer to a reported increase in mental health issues among young adults.
Politicized insult
Following the referendum result in favour of Brexit in the UK and the election of Donald Trump
as 45th President of the U.S., "generation snowflake" was often
shortened to simply "snowflake" and became a politicized insult. A
November 2016 article from The Guardian commented: "Until very recently, to call someone a snowflake would have involved the word 'generation'."
Snowflake as a politicized insult is typically used by those on the political right to insult those on the political left. In an article from the Los Angeles Times, Jessica Roy says the alt-right in the United States pejoratively describes most liberals and those protesting against Donald Trump as "snowflakes". A 2017 article from Think Progress
commented: "The insult expanded to encompass not just the young, but
liberals of all ages; it became the epithet of choice for right-wingers
to fling at anyone who could be accused of being too easily offended,
too in need of 'safe spaces, too fragile'". Jonathon Green, editor of Green's Dictionary of Slang, points out snowflake is an unusual insult in that it calls someone weak and fragile without using misogynistic or homophobic references.
Actor George Takei
extended the metaphor to emphasize the power of snowflakes, saying:
"The thing about 'snowflakes' is this: They are beautiful and unique,
but in large numbers become an unstoppable avalanche that will bury
you."
Others have returned the insult back at those with right-wing politics,
arguing "oversensitive whiners can be found all over the political
spectrum" including President Trump. Comedian Neal Brennan referred to Donald Trump as "the biggest snowflake in America", while a January 2017 opinion piece from The Guardian refers to President Trump as "Snowflake-in-Chief" and CNN commentator Van Jones called Trump "President Snowflake" based on his response to the FBI's Russia probe in May 2017.
Shelly Haslam-Ormerod, senior lecturer in mental health and wellbeing at Edge Hill University, strongly criticised the use of the term, arguing in The Conversation
that it stigmatises the mental health challenges faced by today's young
people in an uncertain world and noting that even children aged under
10 have been unfairly labelled "snowflakes" in tabloid articles.
In her syndicated column, Michelle Malkin criticized the provision of the Affordable Care Act
which requires employer-based health coverage to extend to an
employee's adult offspring up to 26 years of age, describing it as the
"slacker mandate" and calling these young adults "precious snowflakes".
Malkin argues the provision has "cultural consequences" in that it
"reduces the incentives for 20-somethings to grow up and seek
independent lives and livelihoods".
"Broflake" (from "bro" and "snowflake") is a related derogatory term which the Oxford Dictionaries
define as "a man who is readily upset or offended by progressive
attitudes that conflict with his more conventional or conservative
views". It has also been applied to women, in the more general sense of someone who claims to not be easily offended, yet often is.
Other uses
In the 1860s, "snowflake" was used by abolitionists in Missouri
to refer to those who opposed the abolition of slavery. The term
referred to the color of snow, referring to valuing white people over
black people. This usage was not believed to have extended beyond the
state of Missouri in the 1800s.
In the 1970s, according to Green's Dictionary of Slang,
snowflake has been used to describe "a white person or a black person
who was perceived as acting too much like a white person".
In the workplace
In 2017, a U.S. marketing company created a "snowflake test" purportedly to be used by employers to "weed out overly sensitive, liberal candidates who are too easily offended". However, psychologist and academic from the Manchester Business School at the University of Manchester, Cary Cooper suggests it is a poor strategy for attracting talented younger workers.
In popular culture
In December 2016, the term snowflake was referenced in the ABC sitcom Last Man Standing, in an episode titled "Precious Snowflake" about microaggressions and politically correct speech restrictions on a university campus.
In March 2017, the American live sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live aired a skit about a Trump-loving dog that, through the aid of technology, was able to berate the anti-Trump humans in the room as "liberal snowflakes".
